迂回的道路
Monday, March 23rd, 2009
虽然说《地理学和地理学家》有翻译的中文版本,但是相对学究的写作方式再加上翻译之后带来的另一层“误读”,使得阅读变成一种迷宫式的环绕,看了大半天还在云山雾绕之中,多亏andrew推荐了《All possible worlds: A history of Geographical ideas》,刚刚读了第一章已经完全吸引了我。这是牛津大学出版社出版的书,作者是Geoffrey J. Martin, 教授(Southern Connecticut State University),同时他还是《Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies》和《The Association of American Geographers: The First Seventy-Five Years, 1904-1979》的作者之一,可见其有深厚的地理学思想史的研究。现在书已经是第四版,我从图书馆借来的是第二版,第四版增加了一些当代的研究思潮和进展,在amazon看到的二手书40多刀,暂时没有拿定主意买不买。
全书真的是字字珠玑,每段话都主旨明确,内容衔接也逻辑清晰,太适合对地理学思想史的学生阅读。第一章就用一些简单的文字解释了我们本科一直在思考的问题。比如什么是地理环境:
its a complex universe: there are things (phenomena) on it produced by physical and chemical processes; there are plants and animals produces by biotic processes; and there is man himself, influenced by his natural surroundings and also an agent of change in his surrounding acting through economic, social, and political events. All these things and the events of which they are the momentary signs exist in complex association and interconnection, forming what is called the man-environment system.
什么是地理学的思想:
The history of geographical ideas is the record of man’s effort to gain more and more logical and useful knowledge of the human habitat and of man’s spread over the earth: logical in that explanations of the things observed could be so tested and verified that scholars could have confidence in them; useful in that the knowledge so gained could be used to facilitate man’s adjustment to the varied natural conditions of the earth, to make possible modifications of adverse conditions, or even to gain a measure of control over them.
什么是思潮以及思潮的周期:
The new observations may demonstrate the inadequacy of the hypothesis, which is then withdrawn in favor of a new one or is substantially modified. These are periods of great progress. Then, when a conceptual structure becomes widely accepted and a paradigm of scholarly behavior is established, there is a period when observations increase so fast that they must be stored away for future use. These periods of intellectual stability are not periods of notable progress. Eventually, a new and sometimes radically different concept of the meaning of the observed data is set forth, and the sequence is repeated.
地理学的边界在哪里:
What then does geography do? It is important to understand that since World War II this question does not call for a definition of geography that would establish its boundaries. The trend now is for all fields of study to come together around specific problems. The process of separation has now been replaced by a process of integration in which each professional field brings its own special skills and concepts to bear on such major difficulties as poverty, overpopulation, race relations, and environmental destruction…..Geography has always had a holistic tradition so that it comes as no intellectual shock to study systems of interconnection and interdependent parts of diverse origin. Geography is closely involved with cartography in the development and use of maps, which are ideally suited to the study of complex location factors. A geographer is a person who asks questions about the significance of location, distance, direction, spread, and spatial succession. The geographer deals with problems of accessibility, innovation diffusion, density, and other derivative of relative location.
地理学主要的研究问题
There are at least five different kinds of questions of geographic character that can be investigated: (1) There are generic questions that have to do with the content of earth space but that cannot be effectively answered without a framework of concepts to guide the separation of the relevant from the vast complexity of the irrelevant. (2) There are genetic questions that have to do with the sequences of events leading from past situations through geographic changes to present conditions; these are studied by the methods of historical geography. (3) There are theoretical questions that deal with the formulation of empirical generalizations or of general laws, perhaps even with basic theory, and with the methods of drawing logical deductions. (4) There are remedial questions that have to do with the application of geographic concepts and skills to the study of practical economic, social, or political problems. (5) There are methodological questions that have to do with experiments in new method of study, new techniques of observation and analysis, or new cartographic methods.
最后是对于科学而又自由地研究的警示
Although there are many in each generation of geographers who are inclined to establish their own methods of work as the only acceptable paradigm, these efforts have been resisted. The freedom to inquire curiosity leads has been preserved. There are still new worlds to be discovered by the enthusiastic scholars.
愿用最后一句话给大家共勉


书名是“Who am I? An autobiography of emotion, mind, and spirit”, 1999年完成于威斯康斯。说到段义孚,国内学地理的学生可能也不知道他是何方神圣,得悉这么一位儒雅的老先生也是由于北师大的周教授在人文地理课上的介绍和她seminar进一步引导以至最后促成的讲座而至的。简而言之,段义孚先生是一位地理学家,人本地理学(Human Geography)的开创人,是一位院士,是一位华人,是一位“孤独”但”充实“的老人了。之所以说很多人不知道段先生,就在于他所研究的内容往往不认为是地理学,看看他书的题目,Segmented worlds and self,Cosmos and Hearth,Dominance and Affection,《道德和想象》(Morality and Imagination),Passing Strange and Wonderful,《逃避主义》(Escapism),很难有人认为这是地理学家而非哲学家的书。这里面可能只有《恋地情结》(Topophilia),空间和地方(Space and Place)是最”地理“感觉的名称,但真正的内容按先生的话是非”mainstream“的地理。







